Tips on How to Memorize the Comparative and Superlative Forms of Seven Irregular Latin Adjectives
In the first article of this series, the irregular forms of seven common but irregular comparative and superlative adjectives were introduced and discussed. We determined that the forms of these adjectives could only be memorized because even with their irregularity, some other irregularities exist.
Memorizing these comparative and superlative adjectives can be difficult for the Latin student because the stems of these words bear no resemblance to their positive forms and because the superlative forms do not have the familiar –issimus ending.
Luckily, these comparative and superlative adjectives bear a striking resemblance to modern English words making memorization much easier than a rote method such as flash cards. Read on to learn how to easily memorize the forms of seven common but irregular Latin comparative and superlative adjective forms.
How to Memorize Seven Common but Irregular Comparative and Superlative Latin Adjective Forms
For review from the first article in this series, here again are the seven irregular comparative and superlative adjectives that are the subject of this lesson:
Bonus –a –um (positive), Melior –ius (comparative), Optimus –a –um (superlative)
Magnus –a –um, Maior –ius, Maximus –a –um
Malus –a –um, Peior –ius, Pessimus –a –um
Multus –a –um, (––) Plus, Plurimus –a –um
Parvus –a –um, Minor (Minus), Minimus –a –um
(Prae, Pro), Prior, –ius Primus –a –um
Superus –a –um, Superior –ius, Summus –a –um (or Supremus –a –um)
The positive forms of these adjectives should be well familiar to the Latin student by the time he/she is introduced to comparative and superlative adjectives. The memorization of the irregular comparative and superlative forms is the focus here.
First off, notice that the comparative and superlative forms of the irregular adjectives above bear a striking resemblance to common modern English words. For example, notice that the comparative form of “parvus” is “minor” which is an exact replication of English “minor.” Also, notice that the superlative form of “parvus” is “minimus” which bears a striking resemblance to “minimal.”
This is the key to memorizing these irregular comparative and superlative forms. All of them have similar forms to English words with which the Latin student is likely familiar. Below is a list of the irregular forms as well as several words in English that are similar in form and meaning to the comparative and superlative forms given above.
Bonus
Melior: ameliorate
Optimus: optimum, optimist
Magnus
Maior: major, majority
Maximus: maximum
Malus
Peior: pejorative
Pessimus: pessimist
Multus
Plus: plus, plural
Parvus
Minor: minor, minority, minus, minute
Minimus: minimum, minimize
Prae (Pro)
Prior: prior, priority
Primus: prime, primary
Superus
Superior: superior superiority
Summus: summit, sum, summation
Supremus: supreme, supremacy
In each of the cases above, there is a clear and direct relationship between the comparative and superlative Latin adjectives and a common, modern English word. In this way, the Latin student need not learn these comparative and superlative forms by rote or obscure memorization. In fact, in most of the cases above, the adjective’s form is so similar to an English form that no memorization may be necessary at all.
One of the Few Times Latin is Simple
All of the seven common but irregular adjectives discussed in the previous article of this series have very recognizable forms in their comparative and superlative forms. This makes it all the easier for the Latin student to memorize, or in some cases, removes the need to memorize the forms of these comparative adjectives. This is one of the few times that Latin provides a simple solution to an otherwise difficult situation.
This post is part of the series: Latin’s Irregular Comparison of Adjectives
The first article in this series discusses seven common but irregular comparison of adjectives. The second article explores learning and memorizing these seven irregular comparison of adjectives forms. The third and final article discusses Latin adjectives that have only irregular superlative forms.
